Inside a Salt Lake City warehouse, a group of men are controlling the weather.
As the team of drone pilots and environmental specialists — employees of the cloud seeding company Rainmaker — spray chemicals into the sky, a small crowd, including one of Utah’s top environmental officials, watches carefully.
The process of cloud seeding, a long-studied method of artificially inducing precipitation, has been creating rain and snow in Utah since the 1950s. But in the era of President Donald Trump and Robert F. Kennedy’s “Make America Health Again” movement, weather modification has become a target of conspiracy theories and political attacks.
In September, Georgia Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene held a hearing titled “Playing God with the Weather — a Disastrous Forecast” and is pushing legislation to heavily fine and potentially jail anyone conducting “weather modification” activities.
“Modern attempts at weather control don’t appeal to divinity,” Greene said in her opening statement. “Instead, they use technology to put chemicals in the sky.”
But in Utah, cloud seeding is just about the water.
“Utah’s the second driest state in the country,” U.S. Rep. Celeste Maloy, one of Greene’s Republican colleagues, said in an interview at Rainmaker’s event launching this year’s cloud seeding season, which Rainmaker billed as “the largest cloud seeding program in modern American history.”
“We’re always looking for ways to have better water policy and be more innovative,” Maloy said.
She added, “Look, every new idea gets pushed back, and some ideas are great and some of them aren’t. The only way to find out is to show up and learn and listen and try things. Utah has been innovative and forward-looking on this, and I’m really excited that the state is.”
‘Everything in my power to stop it’
(Rick Egan | The Salt Lake Tribune) Rainmaker founder and CEO Augustus Doric talks during a cloud seeding presentation at Rainmaker Research in Salt Lake City, on Friday, Nov. 7, 2025.
Cloud seeding is not new, nor is its basic premise — dispersing substances like silver iodide into already-existing clouds to induce condensation and precipitation — particularly complicated. Nevertheless, it’s drawn criticism from some who claim that the chemicals used during cloud seeding are used at high enough levels to be dangerous to people, or that the government is purposely engineering the weather to harm specific communities, despite no evidence to support either theory.
In particular, the MAHA movement has made “geoengineering” one of its key issues.
In April, Kennedy was asked how to stop “stratospheric aerosol injections” — a reference to some weather modification practices — on “The Dr. Phil Podcast.”
“I’m going to do everything in my power to stop it,” Kennedy said.
Across the country, some states have begun to introduce anti-weather modification legislation. Florida passed a geoengineering ban in April 2025 that prohibits cloud seeding. Montana banned certain geoengineering practices in March, but stopped short of cloud seeding for water resource management.
A similar effort to prohibit “the release of chemicals or substances from an aircraft for the purpose of weather geoengineering” even made its way through the Utah Senate earlier this year, though the bill, as passed, explicitly exempted cloud seeding practices and never got a vote on the House floor.
Bills seeking to restrict geoengineering have also been introduced in New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas and Vermont.
Utah’s two Republican senators are also split on the issue. While Sen. John Curtis says whether or not to use cloud seeding is Utah’s decision, “and I support them if that’s what they want to do,” Sen. Mike Lee has said, “Putting the government in charge of the weather is never going to end well.”
But Utah’s highest-ranking natural resource official disagrees.
‘Technology supports it and I’m excited‘
(Rick Egan | The Salt Lake Tribune) Utah Department of Natural Resources Director Joel Ferry talks about cloud seeding at a technology demonstration on Friday, Nov. 7, 2025.
Cloud seeding has a champion in Joel Ferry, the Department of Natural Resources director and a former Republican state lawmaker. Ferry has pushed for the strategy for years — to the point that some in the state, as Rainmaker officials and Ferry himself noted at the event, refer to cloud seeding as “Ferry dust.” During an interview at Rainmaker’s event, he pushed back against conspiracy theories about the work.
“We look at the facts and we recognize that cloud seeding, the way that we do it, is actually quite beneficial for the environment,” Ferry said. “One thing that we’re really good at in Utah is looking at the science, analyzing the data and coming up with informed decisions, as opposed to just going with conspiracy theories or whatever the hype of the day is.”
Ferry noted that cloud seeding “has been happening for decades” and that he sees Rainmaker’s work as “just doing it in a more advanced way to help us get the results that we want, where we want them, when we want them and how we want them.”
The natural resources director said he didn’t want to discount concerns and wants to ensure the state has data and research to validate its cloud seeding efforts.
“This is a really critical part of how Utah continues to thrive and survive for the future,” Ferry said. “Water is at the center of that.”
In 2023, the Utah Legislature made a major investment in the program, earmarking $12 million in one-time funding and an additional $5 million in ongoing spending. Earlier this year, they allocated an additional $3 million in one-time funding for the Bear River Basin Cloud Seeding Program, the project helping to fund Rainmaker’s work.
(Francisco Kjolseth | The Salt Lake Tribune) Professional dancers bring attention to the species of birds impacted by the current plight of the Great Salt Lake as they mimic the graceful movements of birds like the avocet at the Utah Capitol during the current legislative session on Wednesday, Feb. 21, 2024.
And it’s not just state officials who still see the benefits of cloud seeding.
Dan Anderson, a corn, alfalfa and cattle farmer in Fillmore, Utah, said he sees the practice as vital for the future of farming, as the aquifer in his valley is shrinking.
“Anyone that actually takes the time to look into it knows that it has some validity to it,” Anderson said during an interview at the Rainmaker event. “No one wants to waste their money, but I think the technology supports it and I’m excited.”
Rainmaker CEO Augustus Doricko doesn’t think Secretary Kennedy always differentiates between cloud seeding and other conspiracy topics like solar radiation modification and chemtrails. Whether that’s a “rhetorical tactic or earnest enough,” he compares Kennedy’s language to saying “planes are deliberately trying to kill everybody with, like, mRNA vaccine nanobots.”
Meeting political decision-makers where they are could be as straightforward as pointing out ways in which branding cloud seeding is in alignment with some of the Trump administration’s other priorities, like the MAHA movement’s push for more sustainable agriculture and fewer environmental toxins, said Rainmaker’s head of operations, Parker Cardwell.
“Our mission is to create soil that is more arable, farmland that’s more viable, communities that are more flourishing,” Cardwell said. “So that’s kind of what we’re shooting for anyways.”
“You do not have to investigate hard to find how the aridification of the Great Salt Lake or the Salt Sea is causing chronic respiratory issues for the populations around,” Doricko said. “You don’t have to look very hard to find how either persistent smog or wildfire particulates are causing issues.”
But Doricko is careful not to typecast Rainmaker as belonging to any particular political movement.
“There’s so many companies that have decided to become ‘Trump companies,’ and it definitely expedites their interfacing with the White House, but it seems like a long-term bad strategy to do that, just from a corporate perspective,” he said.
(Rick Egan | The Salt Lake Tribune) Jackson Schultz and Kaityln Sushi of Rainmaker discuss the company’s cloud seeding program during a panel discussion in Salt Lake City, on Friday, Nov. 7, 2025.
The states that most rely on cloud seeding — Colorado, Idaho, Utah, California, Texas — could hardly be characterized as a political monolith, Doricko added.
“That is the most politically diverse group in the country, and they’re all in favor of cloud seeding,” he said.
Utah has a long history of cloud seeding — with renewed and major investments in recent years — is a supportive place to develop new cloud seeding technologies, Rainmaker’s CTO, Jackson Schultz, said: “They’ve never strayed away from continuing to invest in it.”
To some, that might look like a political statement. But for Anderson, as a farmer, the reality is much more straightforward: “People need to realize that without water, there’s no farms. Without farms, there’s no food.”
“In the West, we need to try or utilize anything we can to improve our situation,” he said.
